Beep, beep, beep, beep....
I'll admit it. I thought about bailing and sleeping in... but
only for a second. This is a big group day and we have a
packed itinerary.
Pan Rosetta
First on the agenda: a trip to Teotihuacán (~an hour from the
hotel by van) for a guided tour of the pyramids and ruins. We
met our guide at 7am at a great breakfast spot right around the
block from the hotel
called Pan
Rosetta. Grab a pastry for the road... but better get there
fast because it's so good a line forms. Our guide is waiting
for us; he's an actual archaeology student and he knows his
stuff. He's friendly and will be both our driver and teacher
for the trip.
On the way into the park we saw colorful hot air balloons being
filled and made ready for their passengers. While my wife and I
didn't ride one, two of our group did so on their last day in
Mexico City and reported that it was a great experience... well
worth their 4am wake up time and drive.
You can take in the ancient city via hot air balloon.
Teotihuacán
Teotihuacán
was a huge city; at its peak (roughly 300–500 CE)
over 100,000 people lived there, making it the largest urban
center in the Americas at the time. The ceremonial core (where
we started the tour with our guide) is thought to represent only
about 12% of the site's maximum extent of roughly 20 km² -- a
lot of the ruins are still buried to this day and the slow
excavation work continues. Our guide lamented the glacial pace
of the work and said there have been problems with local people
profiteering in important stolen artifacts at the opportunity
cost of studying them and placing them in museums.
Nobody really knows who actually built the city of
Teotihuacán, or what they called it. The name
"Teotihuacán" is a Nahuatl word meaning "the place where the
gods were created" and was given to the site centuries later by
the Aztecs, who had no contact with the earlier culture. They
simply found the city already abandoned and in ruins. The
Aztecs made pilgrimages to Teotihuacán and assigned names to its
buildings, but the original inhabitants' language, ethnicity,
and even self-name for the city are still unknown.
Archaeologists have evidence that when new groups came into
power in Teotihuacán they would not tear down the work of their
predecessors but, instead, they would build over top of it in a
process called "superimposition". New rulers enlarged pyramids
by encasing the old structure in a new outer shell (with their
markings on it) rather than tearing it down. It reflects
continuity of sacred ground rather than erasure of the previous
regime — the site itself was treated as consecrated, so building
up and even covering over preserved that.
Markings on the walls were designs and animals. Different
animals represented different human houses or clans, and how
animals were decorated indicated group's jobs. For example,
the feathered headdress seen below indicates a politically or
religiously important family. Tongues, which might be curled like a
butterfly proboscis, coming
out of mouths in the drawings indicate speaking. Artwork was
signage in Teotihuacán. The most common animals, jaguar, eagle,
coyote, butterfly, and quetzal, often appear in repeated
processions, as if participating in society rather than just
decorating it.
Such a large city needed long trade networks to support its
people. There is evidence of active commerce networks trading
goods with other peoples as far north as what is today the
southwest of the United States and as far south as present day
Panama. The strongest trading relationships were with the Maya
city-states. The city sat close to two major obsidian sources
(Sierra de las Navajas and Otumba) and centralized much of the
obsidian trade across Mesoamerica so obsidian was a primary good
offered by the city.
The end of Teotihuacán was thought to have been violent, and it
was probably internal. Around 550–650 CE, the city's monumental
core burned in a fire that targeted temples and elite structures
specifically, while residential compounds were largely spared —
a pattern archaeologists read as an uprising or purge against
the ruling class rather than outside conquest.
Colorful street art echoes the traditional Teotihuacán art.
Just as in ancient times, today there are a lot of people
selling their wares to us tourists. You can get obsidian
(though our guide tells us to make sure it's real, first... it
is so hard that it will scratch glass and some of the vendors
have conveniently brought some glass along for you to test the
authenticity of their wares). You can also get noise makers,
clothing, and other souvenirs. I didn't make any purchases
though others in the group did; one friend bought a large
obsidian piece to bring home.
Observation
The noisemakers were these Mayan jaguar whistles, that sound like an
animal roar. They were super loud and annoying everywhere there were
any vendors. I can't believe one of our group bought one!
Instead of shopping, my wife and I climbed the Moon Pyramid's steep steps
to get a better view of the landscape and took photos. It's not
a long climb but the stairs are definitely more tall than wide
and you need to take some care climbing.
We also visited the site of the Temple of the Feathered Serpent
(Templo de Quetzalcóatl) with our guide and climbed the shorter
pyramid (err... ziggurat?). In 2003, a heavy rainstorm caused a
sinkhole to open at the Templo pyramid's base. Archaeologist
Sergio Gómez investigated and found a man made tunnel, thought
to have been dug around 100 CE, running roughly 100 meters east
underneath the pyramid. The tunnel was deliberately sealed
around 250 CE, right when the pyramid above it was
completed. Excavation of the tunnel took about a decade of
careful work. Inside, they found thousands of jade and
greenstone objects, obsidian blades, walls embedded with pyrite
(which would have glittered like a starfield by torchlight),
pools of liquid mercury, and mysterious carved stone spheres
whose purpose is still unclear.
Evidence of human sacrifice has been tied to the Feathered
Serpent Pyramid by excavations at its base that found the
remains of over 200 sacrificed individuals, many bound, buried
with obsidian points and shell ornaments. These remains are
generally interpreted as sacrificed warriors, and isotope
analysis of the bones suggests most came from central Mexico,
though several different regions are represented. So they were
not all locals. Some were children. Child sacrifices were
reserved for dire situations like attempts to appease the gods
to end long droughts.
After Teotihuacán, our guide took us to a less frequently
visited site that, I think, he had access to because of his
credentials as a student archaeologist. The site was more of
the same, mostly: very similar wall decorations but was a living
area of "apartment" rather than a large temple area. The red
pigment used on the walls is vibrant even after 2000 years
because they were shielded from the sun's UV light.
You can take photos of the walls (at least as of 2025) but they
ask that you do not use flash so as to preserve the pigments'
colors.
Travel Tip
There are many purveyors of tours to Teotihuacán. We didn't book ours so I am
not sure what individual or company it was through. But I highly recommend
taking this tour with an archaeologist who knows and cares about the
history and discoveries being made.
In total, we only spent a few hours on the tour. Afterwards,
we rode in the tour van back to Roma Norte to be on time for the
next event: a mezcal tasting. But we had just enough time to
grab some street tacos
so as to avoid drinking a bunch of mezcal
on empty stomachs. I had the al pastor and it was delicious...
but it (or the late night, or both together) was likely the
thing that gave me stomach "issues" in the coming days...
Mezcal tasting
Our friends made all of the arrangements on this trip including
this mezcal tasting. We took ubers from Roma Norte to the mezcal tasting in the
Colonia Gabriel Ramos Millán Sección of CDMX. The traffic was a
nightmare, like any big city, so plan accordingly.
Travel Tip
Ubers are safe in Mexico City (though you may find your
driver needs the code from the app when you get into the
vehicle to make sure you have the correct one). The woman in
our group with local ties says that ubers are safer than cabs.
And they are very affordable.
This is only a partial lineup at the mezcal tasting.
The car let us out in front of what appeared to be an apartment, so we weren't
initially certain we were in the right place. Our host greeted us and saw us in past
the lower level warehouse to a bright upstairs room with a big square table to seat
us all together. There was a lot of interesting artwork to admire.
An example of the tasting room's artwork, this one on the quirky side.
The tasting was led by a father-son team. They go around to
different rural areas in Mexico collecting their local mezcal
along with recipes, processes and lore. They love mezcal and
help people who are still making the spirit in traditional ways
via knowledge sharing and distributing their product to tourists
like us. They had photos and videos of different cacti,
distilling methods, and stills used around Mexico... and they
had 20+ mezcals for us to sample.
Observation
We watched videos of various indigenous methods of mezcal production. Each was
tailored to what the environment had to offer. Frequently, fuel for heating and
water for cooling were limiting factors and it was interesting to see the different
approaches developed by people long ago.
Most of these mezcals were "traditional" but it was amazing the
taste variance even among the traditional varieties. The more
exotic mezcal specimens included some where the makers roasted
rabbit over their still and the drippings ended up in the final
product giving it a meaty, earthy flavor. Other less
traditional varieties included exotic spices in the mezcal
including Indian flavors. My favorite mezcal was a smokey one
that reminded me of an Islay whiskey and I bought a bottle to
bring home. All in all this tasting was one of the highlights
of the trip, for me.
This is the bottle I liked best and took home with me.
Masala y Maíz
Our group are foodies and had made some great dinner reservations for their brief
stay.
Tonight's was for Masala y Maíz at
6pm. The food was good; I had an Ethiopian berberi chicken and
I liked the spice blend so much that it has since entered my
home chicken night rotation (along with homemade injera and rice to round out the
Ethiopian theme).
Chinese Clock tower in the Colonia Juárez neighborhood.
I will say that I had a somewhat bad experience with a waitress
here. Having ordered a bottle of Rioja and received something
that was slightly fizzy, I said it tasted off and handed the
glass to my wife who agreed. After much discussion they took
the bottle back but were hesitant to let me order a different
bottle (I guess they thought I was going to send back all the
wine they opened). I hate to be "that guy" but I love wine,
drink it too much, had actually just come back
from la Rioja, and
know when it's bad. Wine should not be fizzy and wait staff
should swap a bottle when something's off.